Fluorescent lighting, or traditional fluorescent lamps, used to be the standard in many professional environments such as workshops, warehouses, offices, and schools. 'TL' stands for 'Tubular Lamp' (tube-shaped). Nowadays, we increasingly see a move to more sustainable and efficient LED alternatives like LED tubes and integrated LED battens. This switch brings significant advantages in terms of energy consumption, lifespan, and light quality.
The 'T' in T5 and T8 refers to the tubular shape of the lamp, while the number indicates the diameter of the tube in eighths of an inch. This specification is important for compatibility with fixtures and light distribution.
| Type | Diameter | Common lengths (cm) | Typical fluorescent wattage | Typical LED equivalent wattage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T8 | 1 inch (2.54 cm) | 60, 90, 120, 150 | 18W, 30W, 36W, 58W | 8W, 14W, 18W, 24W |
| T5 | 5/8 inch (1.6 cm) | 55, 85, 115, 145 | 14W, 21W, 28W, 35W/49W/80W (HE/HO) | 6W, 10W, 14W, 18W/22W/40W (HE/HO) |
*HE = High Efficiency, HO = High Output. The exact LED equivalent wattages may vary by manufacturer.
The European Union has gradually restricted the production and import of traditional fluorescent lamps, including T5 and T8 tubes. As of September 2023, these lamps are no longer available as new products on the market. This measure was implemented to reduce mercury use and to improve energy efficiency. The transition to LED has thus become a necessity, yet it brings significant advantages.
| Feature | Traditional Fluorescent (TL) | LED Fluorescent |
|---|---|---|
| Energy consumption | High | Up to 75% lower |
| Lifespan | 7,000 - 15,000 hours | 30,000 - 60,000 hours or more |
| Mercury present | Yes | No |
| Instant on/off | No (warm-up time and possible flickering) | Yes, instant and flicker-free |
| Light quality (CRI) | Variable (often lower) | Generally higher (more natural colors) |
| Shatter resistance | Glass tube (fragile) | Often unbreakable (plastic or coated glass) |
| Maintenance | Frequent replacement, starters/ballasts | Minimal, no starters/ballasts required |
LED fluorescent lighting is widely applicable. For spaces that require constant lighting, such as production lines or large warehouses, LED tubes offer a stable and energy-efficient solution. In offices, improved light quality contributes to a more pleasant working environment, while in basements or parking garages, the instant start and durability of LED make it a practical choice. Special IP-rated LED battens and tubes can also be used in damp or dusty environments, further increasing their applicability.
Upgrading existing fluorescent fixtures to LED technology can be done in several ways, depending on the type of LED tube and the fixture present. Performing the installation correctly is important for both performance and safety. Always turn off the power before starting any electrical work.
Type A LED tubes, also known as 'plug-and-play', are designed to be installed directly in existing fixtures with a conventional (EM) or electronic (HF) ballast. In this case, the ballast remains in place. For EM ballasts, the starter should be replaced with the supplied LED starter.
Advantages: easy installation with no wiring modifications, quick retrofit.
Disadvantages: the ballast continues to consume some power (albeit minimally), potential compatibility issues with certain older ballasts.
Installation steps (for EM fixtures with starter):
Type B LED tubes operate directly on mains voltage. This means the existing ballast in the fixture must be removed or bypassed. The tube is connected directly to the 230V power supply. This can be 'single-ended' (power fed to one end) or 'double-ended' (power fed to both ends).
Advantages: maximum energy savings (no ballast losses), no issues with ballast compatibility or failure.
Disadvantages: requires fixture wiring modification, generally more complex than plug-and-play, should be performed by a qualified professional.
Installation steps (requires electrical knowledge):